TCP Client-Server Communication to Identify Matrix Type (Upper/Lower/Diagonal)

 

Experiment

TCP Client-Server Communication to Identify Matrix Type (Upper/Lower/Diagonal)

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Aim

To implement a TCP client-server program where the client sends a randomly generated square matrix to the server, and the server determines its type (upper triangular, lower triangular, or diagonal).

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Objective

• To understand structured data transmission over TCP
• To implement client-server communication using sockets in C
• To perform matrix analysis at the server side

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Theory

TCP Communication

TCP provides:

• Reliable communication
• Ordered data transfer
• Error detection and retransmission

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Matrix Types

Let $A[i][j]$ be a square matrix:

• Upper Triangular Matrix
  All elements below diagonal are zero
  👉 $i > j \Rightarrow A[i][j] = 0$
• Lower Triangular Matrix
  All elements above diagonal are zero
  👉 $i < j \Rightarrow A[i][j] = 0$
• Diagonal Matrix
  All non-diagonal elements are zero
  👉 $i \ne j \Rightarrow A[i][j] = 0$

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Algorithm

Client

1. Input integer N
2. Generate N x N matrix with random values (1–50)
3. Display matrix
4. Send N to server
5. Send matrix elements
6. Receive matrix type
7. Display result

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Server

1. Create socket
2. Bind and listen
3. Accept connection
4. Receive N
5. Receive matrix
6. Check matrix type
7. Send result to client
8. Close connection

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💻 Program

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🔹 Client Program (C)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define PORT 12345

int main() {
    int sock;
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
    int N, matrix[10][10];

    sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
    serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");

    connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));

    printf("Enter order of matrix (N): ");
    scanf("%d", &N);

    srand(time(0));

    printf("\nGenerated Matrix:\n");
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        for(int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
            matrix[i][j] = rand() % 51 ; // filling with 0 to 50
            printf("%3d ", matrix[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }

    // Send N
    send(sock, &N, sizeof(N), 0);

    // Send matrix
    send(sock, matrix, sizeof(matrix), 0);

    char result[50];
    recv(sock, result, sizeof(result), 0);

    printf("\nMatrix Type: %s\n", result);

    close(sock);
    return 0;
}

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🔹 Server Program (C)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define PORT 12345

int main() {
    int server_fd, new_socket;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    int addrlen = sizeof(address);
    int N, matrix[10][10];

    server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    address.sin_port = htons(PORT);

    bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address));
    listen(server_fd, 3);

    printf("Server waiting...\n");

    new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t*)&addrlen);

    // Receive N
    recv(new_socket, &N, sizeof(N), 0);

    // Receive matrix
    recv(new_socket, matrix, sizeof(matrix), 0);

    int upper = 1, lower = 1, diagonal = 1;

    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        for(int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
            if(i > j && matrix[i][j] != 0)
                upper = 0;

            if(i < j && matrix[i][j] != 0)
                lower = 0;

            if(i != j && matrix[i][j] != 0)
                diagonal = 0;
        }
    }

    char result[50];

    if(diagonal)
        strcpy(result, "Diagonal Matrix");
    else if(upper)
        strcpy(result, "Upper Triangular Matrix");
    else if(lower)
        strcpy(result, "Lower Triangular Matrix");
    else
        strcpy(result, "Not a special matrix");

    send(new_socket, result, strlen(result)+1, 0);

    close(new_socket);
    close(server_fd);

    return 0;
}

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▶️ Compilation & Execution

gcc server.c -o server
gcc client.c -o client

Run:

• Terminal 1 → ./server
• Terminal 2 → ./client

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📌 Sample Output

Client

binuvp@debian-workstation:~/nw$ ./client
Enter order of matrix (N): 2

Generated Matrix:
 44  13
 31   6

Matrix Type: Not a special matrix

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Server

Server waiting...

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✅ Result

The TCP client-server program successfully transmitted a matrix and correctly identified its type at the server side.