Study of ip Command

 

Experiment

 Study of ip Command

🎯 Aim

To learn and use the ip command for configuring and managing network interfaces in Linux.

📘 Objective

By the end of this experiment, students will be able to:

  • Display network interfaces and IP addresses
  • Configure IP addresses
  • Enable/disable interfaces
  • View routing tables
  • Replace legacy commands like ifconfig

📖 Theory

The ip command is a modern networking utility from the iproute2 package.

👉 It replaces older tools like:

  • ifconfig
  • route
  • arp

👉 It is used for:

  • Interface configuration
  • IP address management
  • Routing
  • Network diagnostics

🧾 Syntax

ip [OPTIONS] OBJECT COMMAND

Common OBJECTS:

  • addr → IP addresses
  • link → Network interfaces
  • route → Routing table
  • neigh → ARP table

🧰 Prerequisites

  • Linux system
  • Root/sudo privileges (for configuration tasks)

🔬 Procedure & Commands

1️⃣ Display All Interfaces

ip link show

👉 Shows all network interfaces (like eth0, wlan0)

2️⃣ Display IP Addresses

ip addr show

👉 Shows IP address details of all interfaces

3️⃣ Display Specific Interface

ip addr show eth0

4️⃣ Enable a Network Interface

sudo ip link set eth0 up

5️⃣ Disable a Network Interface

sudo ip link set eth0 down

6️⃣ Assign IP Address

sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.10/24 dev eth0

7️⃣ Remove IP Address

sudo ip addr del 192.168.1.10/24 dev eth0

8️⃣ View Routing Table

ip route show

9️⃣ Add a Route

sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1

🔟 View ARP Table

ip neigh

🖥️ Sample Output

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>
    inet 192.168.1.5/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0

🔍 Output Interpretation

FieldMeaning
inet        IP address
/24        Subnet mask (CIDR notation)
brd        Broadcast address
UP        Interface is active
LOWER_UP        Physical link is active

📝 Exercises for Students

  1. List all network interfaces using ip link.
  2. Display IP addresses using ip addr.
  3. Bring an interface down and up again.
  4. Assign a temporary IP and verify it.
  5. View and interpret the routing table.

❓ Viva Questions

  • What is the ip command?
  • Difference between ip and ifconfig?
  • What is CIDR notation?
  • What is a routing table?
  • What does UP and LOWER_UP indicate?

⚠️ Precautions

  • Requires root privileges for changes
  • Incorrect IP configuration may disrupt connectivity
  • Use temporary configurations for lab practice

✅ Result

The ip command is a powerful and modern utility for managing Linux networking, offering more flexibility and control compared to older tools.

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